Workplace Relations Tribunal in Australia

Questions: 1.How accomplishes the Fair Work Commission settle on understandings? 2.How accomplishes the Fair Work Commission support understandings? 3.What are the means that are associated with the settling on and favoring of understandings? 4.What are the qualities and the shortcomings of this procedure? Answers: Presentation Federation Court of Conciliation was set up as Australias first working environment relations board under the Commonwealth Conciliation and Arbitration Act 1904. The establishment created because of social, financial authoritative changes subsequently, Fair Work Australia was shaped which later came to be known as Fair Work Commission. Reasonable Work Commission is the present national work environment relations court in Australia. The commission is an autonomous body which works on different expert fields divisions the capacities are done by the individuals from the commission. A portion of the capacities are connected with the conditions wages of business, a post on the activity bartering of the ventures undertakings, giving answers for modern debates both interior outside, status of the representatives in the mechanical market different issues of the work environment too. The entire activity is directed by the President with the assistance from his regulatory staffs. 1. Reasonable Work Commission gives data about the procedure of understandings made by the ventures. Undertaking understandings, for example, the terms states of the business are made between a business a representative. The commission additionally gives data about the questions that happen during understandings just as the endorsement dissatisfaction with understandings (Westacott, 2017). The understanding of an endeavor can be framed between more than one managers and multiple workers alongside their regarded agents. Then again, when no representatives are utilized, the business himself haggles with other worker associations. The endorsement of the understandings of the venture may change contingent upon the sorts of understanding. There are three sorts of understandings: Single venture understandings include a solitary boss or more businesses (fundamentally, franchisees) co-working together is basically a solitary undertaking. Multi endeavor understandings include at least two managers who are certainly not single intrigue businesses. Greenfields understandings include at least one managers of another undertaking or who will build up an endeavor however have not yet utilized any representatives for the direct of the venture. Understandings like this can either be a solitary venture understanding or a multi undertaking understanding. The understandings of ventures contain different issues, for example, the states of work, installment of the representatives, consultative technique, giving answers for modern questions additionally about the reasoning of the wages of a worker for any reason. Be that as it may, they can never incorporate any sort of unlawful terms or conditions. After the understandings are made, the way toward dealing comes into light. Through this procedure the businesses the representatives can arrange the terms and states of the understandings (Macneil et al., 2014). 2. After the finishing of the dealing procedure of the understandings, certain pre-endorsement steps should be taken to guarantee that the understandings can be affirmed by the Fair Work Commission. The business should assume the liability to plainly clarify pretty much all the terms and states of the consent to the representatives the impact that it will give. Subsequent to tolerating the terms conditions, all the workers need to decide in favor of the consent to show their endorsement. A fruitful democratic may happen just when the understandings are appropriately made. For a solitary venture, most of the representatives of the business need to make their choice to embrace the understanding. For multi-undertaking, most of representatives of at any rate one bosses need to cast legitimate votes to embrace the understanding. Presently, on the off chance that the representatives of the considerable number of bosses dont favor the understanding, at that point it will just cover those bu sinesses their workers who have affirmed it. On account of Greenfields understanding, every business every one of their representatives need to sign their endorsement for the understanding (McPhail, Jerrard and Southcombe, 2014). All the understandings of the representatives contains both legitimate unlawful substance. The legitimate substance are: The issues related with the business connection between the businesses the representatives who will be secured by the provisions of the understanding. The issues related with the connection between a business the association of the representatives which will likewise be secured by the understanding. On the off chance that under any circumstance, the wages of the representatives are deducted then it additionally ought to be secured by the understanding. The strategy or the method of the activity of the understanding. Then again, all the understandings ought not contain any sort of unlawful substance, for example, Any offensive or prejudicial term against the workers or the association, a term which will empower a representative or a business to quit from the procedure of the understanding, a term which is connected with illicit out of line choice to excuse any representative who has finished a base measure of the work time frame, a term which acts in an adverse route to any representative as an individual a term which isn't steady appropriately to the activity of the mechanical arrangements (Angwin, 2017). 3. After the democratic meeting, the understandings should be applied to the Fair Work Commission for the endorsement. Particular delegates from each venture need to apply to the Commission for the understanding utilizing the Form F16. All the application for the understandings must be submitted to the Commission inside those 14 days time frame when the understandings were made the agents should likewise submit alongside the application a genuine consented to duplicate of the arrangement also. The applications can be send to the Commission office through email, express post or even face to face. The applications can likewise be held up through the Online Lodgment Service (Forsyth, Gahan, Howe, 2011). 4. The commission must be happy with a few substance of the understanding before furnishing with any sort of endorsement, for example, the Commission will ensure that the pre-endorsement steps of the understandings have been dictated by the undertakings and that the understandings have been genuinely concurred by the representatives and that they have not been constrained upon. The Commission likewise need to regulate that whether the understanding has breezes through the happier generally assessment that it doesn't contain any terms through which the NES can be prohibited. The understanding ought not contain any unlawful terms it must give a few methods to the settlement of any questions inside or remotely. The understanding ought to likewise incorporate a meeting an adaptability condition also (Townsend, Wilkinson, Burgess, 2013) As a rule the commission may give an endorsement on the understandings of the endeavors including of a few endeavors. For example, the Commission may support an understanding that might not have met the numerous prerequisites of the Fair Work Act 2009. This may happen just when the Commission is happy with a composed endeavor by certain venture. The composed endeavor might be endorsed on the off chance that it doesn't cause any money related or installment emergency to the representatives just as it won't prone to carry any critical changes to the understanding. In the wake of endorsing all the understandings of the endeavors, the Commission will authoritatively report their choice alongside the affirmed understanding just as with any composed endeavors which have been acknowledged. All the understandings, endorsements choices will be distributed on their official site a duplicate of each affirmed understandings will be sent to each gathering or undertakings included. End The Fair Work Commission is a standout amongst other work environment relations court for the individuals of Australia. The foundation of this commission has given answers for each emergency which are connected with each expert segments or endeavors alongside their bosses representatives. The Commission does an inclusion of the considerable number of questions that occur inside the ventures, for example, understandings made between the businesses of the endeavors and their regarded representatives. No understanding made between a business a worker is legitimate until except if it has been affirmed by the Fair Work Commission itself. In this manner, each endeavor needs to send their haggling delegate to stop an application with the Commission to get an endorsement for their understandings. It is essential for the Commission to follow certain means before favoring the any understanding. Subsequently, the endeavor should meet all the detail focuses before framing an understanding betwee n the businesses the workers. Once in a while, understandings probably won't address all the issues of the Commission yet those understandings may even now be acknowledged endorsed if the Commission is fulfilled by composed endeavor by the venture. The way toward dealing is obviously placing the Australian modern structure in a negative viewpoint. It is likewise hampering the monetary, social administrative structure of the nation too. In this way, the commission needs to restore back the essentials of the bartering of the venture which they planned to accomplish or win. This will support the businesses, representatives the associations to cooperate to confront the business challenges together or there will be consequences, Australian Industries won't have the option to take part in the worldwide rivalry. The Commission should attempt to modernize the bartering arrangement of the endeavor by smothering them to concentrate just on those deals which are pertinent to the undertakings, bosses the representatives. Thusly, there is likewise a degree for financial thriving in the nation. References Angwin, M 2017, EBAs are presently only a blockage to profitability, Australian Financial Review, 14 February, p. 39. Forsyth, A, Gahan, P Howe, J 2011, Weighty measures: haggling in balanc

The cons and pros of fair value versus historical cost accounting and Essay

The cons and aces of reasonable worth versus recorded cost bookkeeping and deprival esteem - Essay Example Monetary detailing requires incredibly precise type of estimation to convey data to loan specialists and investors who are obliged to know how admirably their cash is being spent (Barth 2007). Van Zijl and Whittington (2006) uncover that the present type of estimation is progressively stressing on the utilization of current incentive to supplant verifiable expenses. The guideline explanation for the foundation of bookkeeping norms was to guarantee that money related data created by associations are exact, dependable, complete, opportune and pertinent. What's more, bookkeeping gauges would guarantee that associations exhibit responsibility as well as keep up it while meeting legal revealing prerequisites with the end goal that the partners are represented hierarchical money related execution to help dynamic (Cooper 2007). Presently, the estimation reason for estimating sums in budget summaries incorporates among others verifiable cost, amortized chronicled cost, reasonable worth and i ncentive being used. This paper assesses the upsides and downsides of reasonable worth versus authentic cost bookkeeping and deprival esteem. 1.0. Current expense ought to be utilized in money related announcing Historical cost bookkeeping functions admirably for liabilities that are not exchanged; portrayal of liabilities for legally binding business commitments like long haul conceded income, and other complex issues of disaster protection and benefits liabilities (Macve 2010). Be that as it may, more accentuation is given to existing partners and stewardship contrasted with administration to speculators in capital market and handiness in financial choices underlined by reasonable worth methodology which replaces recorded expenses (Whittington 2008). Recorded cost bookkeeping and deprival esteem describe the calculated structure of ASB while reasonable worth is an ongoing idea that is accessible just throughout the previous 20 years in FASB, the IASB and the ASB and is progressive ly applied in money related revealing. Penman (2007) contends that while verifiable cost bookkeeping has been utilized in things whose estimation utilizing reasonable worth would be temperamental or costly to evaluate, reasonable worth is viewed as enlightening given that it is applied inside blended estimation framework. Characterizing and estimating current worth Fair worth is characterized by Penman (2007) as the sum that would be acquired from selling a benefit or the sum that would be parted with in defrayal of a risk in an exchange considered as systematic and among wiling and very much educated members. Thus, reasonable worth bookkeeping data mirrors the future and not the past, occasions or exchanges (Whittington 2008; Barth 2006). Barth (2007) uncovers that the estimation choices are made by standard setters through concentrating on the utilization of the meanings of components in budgetary announcing and the subjective qualities of bookkeeping data based on money related d etailing objective. The utilization of subjective traits is expected at perceiving the ideal estimation attributes while the money related revealing goal draws out the setting inside which the assessment of estimation will be assessed (Barth 2007). 2.0. Significance of deprival esteem idea Van Zijl and Whittington (2006) contend that deprival esteem is the suggesting estimation at substitute expense for an advantage that has a recoverable sum better than the expenses than be brought about for substitution. The estimation of a benefit is confined to substitution costs since the misfortune acquired in losing an advantage

SWOT Matrix and the Grand Strategy - 275 Words

SWOT Matrix and the Grand Strategy Matrix for Anheuser-Busch InBev (Essay Sample) Content: Name: Instructors Name: Course details: Date Due: SWOT Matrix and the Grand Strategy Matrix for Anheuser-Busch InBevAnheuser-Busch Companies Inc. is a firm developed under the collaboration of families and events. It was an idea from the Bavarian immigrant, which was failing at the moment. Started as a soap manufacturer, the firm used the ideas of Adolphus Busch, which was experienced in brewing with the intention of stimulating the business. Their partnership, Anheuser and Busch, ignited the business of brewing and thus increased their sales and distribution throughout the nation. This paper will give a brief description of the SWOT and Grand Strategy matrix analysis, which positions the competitive nature of the firm in global market (Anheuser-Busch InBev). SWOT AnalysisThe main purpose of Strength, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) matrix is to give managers the ability to come up with an analysis of the competitive position of their firm. The matrix und er study has both internal and external factors that help in building the business. Ideally, strength and weaknesses form the internal factors while opportunities and threats form the external factors (Bohm). The following table shows the SWOT matrix for Anheuser-Bushc InBev Limited.StrengthsVast portfolio of brands Using variegated and exposure across various regionConstant novelty product introductionLeading position Strong heritage Availability of health-conscious beer brandsWeaknesses Competition cause its market share goes downCompany is highly dependent on whole sellers for its sales Poor after-sales service Negative image Advertising Peoples notion Opportunities Cut debtContractual agreement Introduction of new products Greater demand New innovation to add healthier drinks Specialty beers for upper class and expansion for the middle classSOIncrease market share in global markets Infiltrate aggressively in advertising sponsorships Work with other firms like wall-Mart will help to increase salesRe-investment in core business to improve efficiency Re-investment in essential portfolios to increase capacity WOIncrease preventive expenses on education to sustain good public imagePartner with other distributors to improve on domestic sales Use research and development to give lower calories of beers Improve on the awareness strategy through advertisement Rationalize entities to improve operations inside divisions Threats Government involvement Advertisement and marketing costs Illicit liquor tradeIncreasing US malt barley pricesAging populationSeasonal sales industrySTAdjust the pricing strategy that will help in offsetting the excise taxes Continue dominating the market share by use of advertising strategies Improve on technology Improve on product quality Increase global market share WTAdjust polices that concerns derivatives Adjust procedures regarding derivatives Improve on advertising non-alcoholic products Research and development to reduce alco hol content Improve on the low calorie adverts ThreatsGovernment involvement: the Federal Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms have the mandate that regulates policies and taxation on federal level. Individual state has a complicated set of regulations that control the industry of alcohol, tobacco and firearms. The regulations normally increase the taxes every time. The firm has to comply with the regulations (Daft and Daft).Advertising and marketing costs: for the firm to increase brand awareness, the firm has to increase the advertising and marketing activities form them to catch up with their new competitors (EBSCO Publishing). OpportunitiesCut debt: the removal of risk by financing $37.6 billion of the $54.8 billion from the original acquisition helps in reducing the debt (Hartline). Contractual agreement: the firm signed a contract with iTradeNetwork to help it in finding solutions for demand (Phadtare). Introduction of new products: the introduction of products like Bud L ight Lime helps in increasing the revenue of the firm (Rao, Rao and Sivaramakrishna). Greater demand: considering the fixed price on the alcoholic beverages, which are higher than that of other competitors, the consumers still consume their products (United States. Dept. of Agriculture). StrengthsVast portfolio of brands: the firm has over 200 brands of beer. The recognize brands include Budweiser, Stella Artois, and Becks.Variegated and exposure across other regions offer assistance in risk reduction. The firm is a leading position in major beer markets: the firm was number one firm in terms of sales volume ( Wikiwealth). WeaknessesThe competition cause its market share goes down: some firms like Miller Coors are big competitors, which dominate the market. Company is highly dependent on whole sellers for its sales: the firm depends on wholesalers, which is a challenge on the logistical constraints (Williams and Rothwell). Grand Strategy MatrixGrand strategy matrix analysis is also an important strategy for a firm. Anheuser-Busch Companies Inc. is a good market share position. The firm has a strategic point, which places them in Quadrant I. This matrix offers the managers an...

The Social Cry In Planet of the Apes Essay - 742 Words

The Social Cry In Planet of the Apes After watching The Planet of the Apes, everyone seemed to leave the movie with a message in mind. Be it the controversial subject matter of Science vs. Religion, animal cruelty, or the cries of the extremeness of war and nuclear weapons. The makers of this film clearly felt the importance of illustrating to the viewers how unjust this society of â€Å"superior† apes were towards the humans. It allows the viewer to leave the movie thinking about our own society, and the similarities in how certain people have been severely mistreated here in America. There are many controversial subject matters in this movie. Although each issue is essentially as important and argumentative as the next, the one that†¦show more content†¦People of color normally got the lower ranking jobs. Another matter is that the humans were enslaved in the movie; a major reference to the slavery and cruelty towards the people of color around that time. The filmmakers were sure to make these messages subtle, but also to make sure that they were heard. The filmmakers made the movie so that it was mirroring our own present day environment: the simmering racism and the need for equality. Making a movie gives the filmmakers the opportunity to be heard. It was clear that they wanted the viewer to be engrossed with how the Apes treated the humans, which would be the common reaction. Also, they made it a point to get across the problem of racism by showing an exaggerated example, where the humans were treated more like animals. The filmmakers wanted their audience to be as revolted as possible by this. The movie would affect people in different ways. The people, who don’t get the message, (hard to miss) would just think of the movie as an entertaining two hours. The others who do notice it would be more aware of the discrimination around them, or realize that they have been discriminating against others and maybe want to change their ways. That kind of reaction is what the filmmakers want from their spectators, and most likely, wa nted out of this movie. Aside from the millions of dollars and stardom, it’s really about getting a message across. There is a lot ofShow MoreRelatedPrimates : The Species Of Tropical Forests2669 Words   |  11 Pagescanines for feeding and grooming claw on the second toe are some distinguishable identities. Lemurs are only found on Madagascar and its adjacent islands. They vary in numerous species and ecological niches since they have no competition from monkeys and apes on the islands they live in. Lemurs range in size from the smallest mouse lemur with 5 inches to the indri with 2 to 3 feet (Nowak, 1999). 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Henrik Ibsen s A Doll s House - 899 Words

Acclaimed as one of the principal playwrights that gave birth to modernism in theatre, Norwegian playwright and theatre director Henrik Ibsen pushed boundaries with his plays that analyzed and criticized societal norms and values. A Doll’s House provides one such example, where the play’s protagonist Nora leaves her husband in the final scene to undertake a spiritual journey of self-discovery. An alternative ending was made for this play posthumously as a result of the controversy it caused at the time. Written towards the latter half of Ibsen’s career, Hedda Gabler also presents a strong female character that questions that boundaries society has confined women to in that era. Some readers would consider Hedda Gabler to be a modern tragedy about a woman who fights against social constructs but meets a tragic end in her death However, other readers have interpreted Hedda as a vindictive and manipulative person with a bleak and cruel outlook of life. As a result o f Hedda’s actions, such readers argue that she does not possess the qualities to be defined as a tragic figure. So what qualities make a character tragic and how does one go about defining a tragic hero? Aristotle offers a thorough and comprehensive analysis of the elements that a tragedy consists of in The Poetics. Known as one of the earliest surviving documents discussing dramatic theory, Aristotle presents ideas and arguments that are widely accepted by dramaturgs and are still useful in analyzing moreShow MoreRelatedHenrik Ibsen s A Doll House1563 Words   |  7 Pages In the play, A Doll House by Henrik Ibsen, the title itself symbolizes the dependent and degraded role of the wife within traditional marriages. Ibsen portrayed the generous nature root into women by society, as well as the significant action of this nature, and lastly the need for them to find their own voice in a world ruled by men. 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Modern Business in Comparative Perspective †Free Essay Sample

Question: Discuss about the Modern Business in Comparative Perspective. Answer: Introduction: Production and operation management is a process of combination and transformation of several resources used in the organizations. Therefore, it can be referred to the part of the organisations, which deals with the transformation of a range of inputs into required products and services. Production management can be termed as the set of management activities that are interlinked and involved in the manufacturing of certain products. Whereas, the interrelated management activities that work towards the manufacturing of certain services is called operation management. Major economies or developed countries are ahead of the other countries in terms of resources, technology, strategies and another requirement. These advantages support the economies to gain a competitive advantage. Moreover, the competition in the economy is rising and thus the economies compete with each other to achieve the sustained position in the market. The economy, therefore, uses different approaches to production and operation management that significantly influences the competitive advantages between the nations. The purpose of this essay is to focus on the reasons, which ensures that different approaches are implemented for production and operation management by the organizations in major economies. The influence of different approaches on the competitive advantages between nations is also discussed here. Hence, the essay magnifies the importance of incorporating diverse production and operation management approaches in the economies. The operation is a part of the business that is involved in producing goods and services. In the opinion of Wagner III and Hollenbeck (2014), the operation function is viewed from a far-reaching perspective. The organisations collaborate with each other and the success or failure of organisational operation functions, significantly influence the ability of the economies to compete. The ideal situation for the economy is where the supply and demand matches. If an economy produces more and has excess supply, there is a waste of resources and money. On the other hand, if the economy produces less, it indicates lost opportunities and customer dissatisfaction. Thompson et al. (2013) added that the operation management is responsible for producing goods and services. The operation management thus needs to the support and input from other areas of the organisation. The economies do not exist in a vacuum. It is dependent upon the external environment and is a part of a larger global system. The organisations working in a particular economy receives inputs from the external environment following the institutional guidelines. The inputs are then transformed and exported as output. The economies are different from each other in terms of available resources, labour, capital and other inputs. Thus, the capability of producing goods and services of the economies are different from each other. As the availability of resources, capabilities and environment are different, the major economies thereby generate different approaches to production and operation management. The approaches that the economies adopt are according to the suitability of the approaches with the economy. The different approaches have helped the managers to shift their attention from the technicalities of a planning process to substantive issues that affect the well-being of the organ isations in the long run (Slack, Brandon-Jones and Johnston 2013). Nations likewise vary particularly in the objectives that organizations and its people try to accomplish. Organization objectives mirror the qualities of national capital markets and the wage practices for managers. Companies do well in develop economies, where ongoing investment in RD and new facilities is important. However, the returns might be at a moderate level. Taking for example dnata Singapore Pte Ltd, in Singapore, which is a ground handling provider at Singapore Changi Airport have different approaches for handling the operation system (Dnata.sg. 2017). National prosperity cannot be inherited, it is created. The prosperity of an economy does not grow because of the natural endowment of the economy, its rate of interest, labour pool or the currency value. According to Canen and Williamson (2013), the competitiveness of a nation depends on the capability of the organizations to innovate and upgrade itself. The presence of pressure and challenge between the economies helps the companies to gain an advantage against the competitors. The strong domestic rivalries, demanding local customers and aggressive home-based suppliers are beneficial for the economies. The nations have become more important with the growing global competition. The economies now play an important role as the basis of competition has changed. The changes have moved towards the creation and incorporation of knowledge. McGrath (2013) further mentioned that the highly localized process of the production and operation management helps to create competitive advantage. The economic structures, national values, culture, institutions and histories further support the competitive success. The pattern of competitiveness is different for different countries. It is not possible for an economy to be competitive in all its industries. The economy succeeds in some particular industries due to the environment in which it operates. The forward-looking, challenging and dynamic environment helps the economies to achieve the advantage. According to the prevailing conception, the potent determinants of competitiveness of an economy are labour cost, economies of scale, exchange rate and interest rate. In the modern days, the merging, alliance, collaboration, strategic partnerships and supranational globalization are some strategies used by the organisations in the economy. These strategies are beneficial for both the organisations and government. The true source of competitive advantage is fundamentally misperceived (Govindanet al. 2015). The organisations in the economy need a new perspective and new tools or approaches to competitiveness that helps the companies to succeed. All over the globe, the companies employ production and operation strategies that differ from each other in every sphere. However, the mode of operation and characteristics of the organisation are fundamentally the same, although the companies follow their particular strategies. The economies achieve a competitive advantage with the implementation of innovative ideas into the operation system. Saeidiet al. (2015) mentioned that approaching the innovation with a broader sense is beneficial. This includes involving new technologies and adopting new ways of performing organisational activities. To gain competitive advantage and sustain in the global market, it is important that the organisations perceive a new basis for competing and obtain better ways for competing in old ways. The organisations can adopt new production strategies that will help them to make use of the resources to maximum level (Olhager 2013). Furthermore, the organisations will be able to produce goods and services a t a lower operational cost. The organisations are capable of bringing innovation in the economy by introducing a new design for the products, new marketing approach, and new processes for production and new methods for conducting the production and operation management. Following the institutional perspective, it can be said that these changes will improve the productivity of the economy. The changes, done by the organizations, help the government in making future policy measures. If the authorities of an economy are looking for an increase in the productivity level of the workers, the efficient allocation of human resources will be the answer that will be prescribed from institutional perspectives. As per the words of Barney (2015), competitive advantage is achieved by an economy though perceiving a completely new market opportunity or by choosing to serve a market segment that other economies have been ignoring. The innovation helps the economy to achieve competitive advantage when the competitors respond slowly. Moreover, the information plays an important role in providing a competitive advantage to the organisations in the economy. Sometimes, the economies are able to achieve huge information from the simple investment in the research and development of the market (Krajewski, Ritzman and Malhotra 2013). This is one of the reasons behind why the innovators are often hired from a different industry or a different country. The competitors will overtake the economies that stop improving and innovating their production and operation process. Thus, adopting unique approaches always help the economies to stay different and benefit from the difference. West, Ford and Ibrahim (2015) failed to mention that in a certain situation, the early mover advantages such as the relationship with the customers, scale economies in present technologies and the loyalty of the distribution channels help to provide the competitive advantage. Anderson et al. (2015) further opined on this perspective that the rival economies will find alternative ways to innovate their production and operation process around the advantages of the economy. From the analysis, it can be stated that the economies need to continuously develop their management process in order to match the demand and supply of the economy in which it operates. Hence, by developing more differentiated process, approaches and products, the economy will be able to gain an advantage. Ultimately, one of the way to sustain in the market and maintain the competitive advantage is to upgrade the existing the production and operation process. As the economies tend to adopt different approaches for the operation management, it is capable of penetrating foreign markets with labour-cost advantages. The level of customer satisfaction increases when different approaches are used in the organisation. The sustaining competitive advantage helps the economies to sustain in the global market. The economies need to sell its product worldwide through international marketing channels. There may be a need for a global approach for locating production or RD facilities in the other economies. The strategies allow the economy to take advantage of improved market access, foreign technology, and low wage rate. As opined by Heizer, Render and Munson (2016), it is important for the economy to make the existing advantages obsolete. Major economies tend to develop a bias towards stability and predictability and perform accordingly to defend the resources they have. David and David (2016) argued that the change in the organisational production and operation is mainly restricted because of the fear of losing the position in the global market. The internal system of an economy acts like an immune system that challenges the present direction or builds up the thinking capacity. As the level of innovation in the economy decreases, the economy tends to follow a stagnant growth rate. The three strategies that the economies use to gain competitive advantage are cost leadership, differentiation and focus. The economy utilizes the cost leadership strategy to become low-cost producers with respect to the competitors. Bharadwaj, Varadarajan and Fahy (2015) mentioned that the strongest competitive advantage is establishing a strategy that cannot be easily copied by the competitors. The competitive advantage can be considered as an activity that helps to create enhanced value for the goods and services, which is above the rivals. The institutional perspective focuses on several factors like ownership level, policy measures, and others. The fiscal and monetary policies of the governments are considered as institutional perspectives. The economy of a country depends highly on the institutional variables as the organizations and their strategies vary with the changes in the variables. This capacity requires more than delivering awareness regarding social, political, lawful , monetary and innovative patterns of the economy (Khanna 2015). For any organisation, certain natural impacts will constitute intense powers which influence decision making significantly. For some producing and manufacturing organizations, the most capable drive will be clients while for others it might be the rivalry. From the detailed study of the essay, it can be concluded that the major economies all over the globe use different approaches to production and operation management. The economies adopt different approaches due to a number of factors. The differences in the available resources, types of labour and capital give way to the introduction of new and different approaches to the production and operation management. The procedures in the management help to enhance the item quality, customer satisfaction, and desirable consumer loyalty appraisals over what the competitors or other nations have. This study further states that the advancement and change are inseparably related to each other. Nevertheless, change is an unnatural demonstration, especially in successful organizations or economy. It provides capability and strengths to escape and wipe out the risk from the economy. The approaches have a significant influence on the competitive advantages between nations. The competitive advantage helps the economy to achieve product differentiation, service differentiation, target differentiation, image differentiation, and quality and innovation differentiation. The economy is able to understand the industry in which it operates in a better ways and thereby develop a stronger action plan or strategies in the operation process. The chances for success in the competition also increase when the economy achieves a competitive advantage. The economies need to have faith in change. The managers of the organisation stimulate their company to develop constantly and thus perceive the significance of the nation in which they operate. Therefore, adopting different approaches to production and operations management by the major economies affects the competitive advantages between nations to a great extent. References Anderson, D.R., Sweeney, D.J., Williams, T.A., Camm, J.D. and Cochran, J.J., 2015.An introduction to management science: quantitative approaches to decision making. Cengage learning. Barney, J., 2015. 15 Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage.International Business Strategy: Theory and Practice, p.283. Bharadwaj, S.G., Varadarajan, P.R. and Fahy, J., 2015. Sustainable competitive advantage in service industries: a conceptual model and research propositions. 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Krajewski, L.J., Ritzman, L.P. and Malhotra, M.K., 2013.Operations management: processes and supply chains. New York: Pearson. McGrath, R.G., 2013.The end of competitive advantage: How to keep your strategy moving as fast as your business. Harvard Business Review Press. Olhager, J., 2013. Evolution of operations planning and control: from production to supply chains.International Journal of Production Research,51(23-24), pp.6836-6843. Saeidi, S.P., Sofian, S., Saeidi, P., Saeidi, S.P. and Saaeidi, S.A., 2015. How does corporate social responsibility contribute to firm financial performance? The mediating role of competitive advantage, reputation, and customer satisfaction.Journal of Business Research,68(2), pp.341-350. Slack, N., Brandon-Jones, A. and Johnston, R., 2013. Operations management. Thompson, A., Peteraf, M., Gamble, J., Strickland III, A.J. and Jain, A.K., 2013.Crafting Executing Strategy 19/e: The Quest for Competitive Advantage: Concepts and Cases. McGraw-Hill Education. Wagner III, J.A. and Hollenbeck, J.R., 2014.Organizational behavior: Securing competitive advantage. Routledge. West, D., Ford, J. and Ibrahim, E., 2015.Strategic marketing: creating competitive advantage. Oxford University Press.

Punk Profile Essays - Australian Culture, Punk Subculture

Punk Profile As a kid around the age of 15, I was lost and confused. I knew that I didn't have it all together, and everywhere I looked people acted as if they did. My thoughts and ideas would change day to day as I talked to one person and then the next. I needed a concrete feeling. I tried going to church and finding a release through God, but I was unable to believe. I tried looking at all my friends, but they were all naive, so I turned to music. Music has become my religion, it clearly defines the questions I have no answers to. I found that everything that irritated me also irritated the people in the bands I started listening to. People label this type of music as "punk." "Punk" is defined in Webster's New World Dictionary as "a loud, fast, and deliberately offensive style of rock music," and it defines "a punk" as "a) a young hoodlum b) a young person regarded as inexperienced, insignificant, etc. 1[slang] poor; inferior." That is the worst misinterpretation I have ever come across. The members of many punk bands have gone to college and are quite intellectual. Intellect is the basis of a punk attitude. Punk is about change, and as defined by the band, Propagandhi, "The basis of change: educate!/Derived from discussion, not hate, not myth, not muscle, not etiquette./ Intellect, not 're-elect!' Status symbols yield to respect between sex, species, environment...yup!" (Propagandhi, "Hate, Myth, Muscle, Etiquette"). Punk songs aren't about going out and doing drugs, breaking things, and harassing people, they are about life, life as a kid. And since I'm "not really understanding what it takes to be a man, I think I'll stay a kid while I can" (Assorted Jelly Beans, "Plain Life"). It gives people permission to act 18 when they are 50. Punk lifestyles are full of a positive energy that many people lose when they "grow up." Existing as a punk takes the concepts of being an adult and combines them with being a kid. The result is a much simpler and entertaining life. The first issue that punk music covered for me was religion. I felt like everyone had some higher power to look to when things didn't work out, everyone but me. I couldn't conform myself to the ideas of a higher power because the interpretations of reality that brings seem so dillusional to me. There appears to be so many unheard truths in lyrics like, "They say I shouldn't commit no crime/cos Jesus Christ is watching all the time,/ so what, so what./ So what if he's always over my shoulder./ I realize the truth as I get older/. I get to see what a con it is, because it's my life,/ mine, not his" (Crass, "So What"). I always felt that if there was an almighty and pure God that He/She would not make rules like "obey no God other than me." Where does that leave everyone raised under any other religion? A child in India will most likely be raised as a Buddhist or some religion other than Christianity. It is not their fault that they don't follow the Christian God, especially if they haven't heard of the Christian God. I don't see the sense in a all powerful God who shows less sensitivity to people who don't ultimately have the choice of who they follow. Furthermore, any God that is supposedly for the good of mankind should be more concerned with the moral actions of mankind than their preferences of faith . And how could a Savior expect to be worshipped by everyone under the circumstances of today's world. Life isn't fair, so how does that play into an equal religion for all? Hearing the song "No" by the Subhumans brings this thought to an all new reality. The lead singer claims, "No, I don't believe in Jesus Christ./ My mother died of cancer when I was five./ No, I don't believe in religion./ I was forced to go to church and I wasn't told why." At one time I felt alone with these ideas, all my family and friends followed the God in which I was detached. I felt like I was doing something terribly wrong, like I had to conform. But when I started hearing these same thoughts in punk music for the first time I felt secure in my own disbeliefs. "Beliefs are dangerous./